Essay on Elizabeth - 1032 Words

Elizabeth I nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Were Queen Elizabeth I and Catherine the Great effective rulers? Were their reign’s characterized as good or not so well? Disregarding the opinion of those who reigned concurrently or historians today, these two ruled their country in a time of turmoil and uncertainty! The world and the people within it were undergoing a major transition. New lands were being discovered as well as major role-playing continents and countries were changing status. Some losing power while others gained it. Queen Elizabeth I and Catherine the Great ruled their country to the extent in which they were able and their subjects allowed them to. Queen Elizabeth I of England was a remarkable ruler.†¦show more content†¦In fact, â€Å"The greatest achievement in English history, the â€Å"breaking the bonds of Rome†, and the establishment of spiritual independence, was completed without bloodshed under Elizabeth’s auspices, and Elizabeth may have the glory of the work† (Time.com, 2). The people of England were in no need of a government that was more concerned about it more than it was for the people. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Elizabeth was Queen but she established good ties with parliament. England did not need the rule of a monarchy that controlled strictly, took the people’s wealth, and taxed. By taxing the people parliament could control the people (Funk amp; Wagnalls vol. 9, 193). However, this was the exact opposite of what Queen Elizabeth did. She was wealthy, however, she allowed the people of England to have the opportunity to gain wealth. Without alienating public opinion, Queen Elizabeth gained what she wanted. Queen Elizabeth’s policies coincided with the interests of the people. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Queen Elizabeth was active in foreign policy. The people of England, her subjects, began to see new materials due to her intervention in foreign policy. Furthermore, they began to obtain wealth. Elizabeth began trade with India and granted a charter to the English East India Company (Time.com, 2). This opened the path for trade as well as the ideas for others to strive to achieve goals, and to setShow MoreRelated Elizabeth Essay example1100 Words   |  5 Pages Shekar Kapur did an outstanding job bringing the history of Elizabeth, one of England’s greatest monarchs, to the screen in a modern way. Yet to understand Elizabeth’s rise to power, one must understand the reign of her family. Her father, Henry VIII, at the time a Catholic, was famous not only for his reign but also for marrying six wives. While married to his first wife, Catherine, only one of their seven children survived, Mary Tudor. Wanting to produce a male heir and for the sake o f convenienceRead MoreThe Film Elizabeth Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesThe Film Elizabeth â€Å"Based on the story of the rise of young Elizabeth Tudor to Queen of England, Elizabeth depicts the early life of a woman of independent spirit who ascends to the throne in 1558 to a reign of intrigue and betrayal. The conflict of private affairs and personal friendships with her duty as a monarch to achieve national unity; form the basis of a story that is both heart-breaking and inspiring†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Alison Owen Charles Barr referred to films which areRead MoreThe Queen Elizabeth And Elizabeth1104 Words   |  5 Pagesthis was George VI and Queen Elizabeth with the two princesses Elizabeth and Margaret. It was taken by someone my great grandmother knew, who was employed at the palace. Apparently those two little princesses were always into mischief; they were into everything. As with most siblings they used to fight all the time but if anyone tried to come between them, they’d stick together like glue. The younger sister was forever getting into scrapes that her elder sister, Elizabeth, had to try to get her outRead MoreEssay Elizabeth Bennet1304 Words   |  6 PagesShe is witty, loyal, and clever but also impulsive, stubborn, and outspoken. She is Elizabeth Bennet. The protagonist in the famous Jane Austen novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ remains to be one of the most famous women in English Literature to date. Girls everyday say that Elizabeth Bennet is such an inspira tion. They say they want to be just like her or to at least be friends with her. Admittedly, she is a pretty kick butt character with arcs that have you rooting for her and supporting her questionableRead MorePride And Prejudice By Elizabeth Bennet979 Words   |  4 PagesThe main characters of Pride and Prejudice and To The Lighthouse are women with a different kind of mind set than the rest of the characters. Elizabeth Bennet, in Pride and Prejudice, cares about her happiness, good-manners of people, virtues, and believes she can choose a man without being impressed by his wealth or title; practically going against women at the time. Then Lily Briscoe, in To The Lighthouse, is an uncommon woman in the novel because she doesn’t regard society, is unattached to familyRead MoreLife And Writing Of Elizabeth Bishop1497 Words   |  6 Pagescertain perspective or position. Two recent films whose subject is the poet Elizabeth Bishop provide examples of distinct storytelling appr oaches: the first, a documentary with a particular political slant; the second, a semi-fictionalized biopic that is a little fast and loose with facts and chronology. With some anticipation I and my wife went to see Welcome to This House (2015), Barbara Hammer’s film about poet Elizabeth Bishop through the lens of her various domiciles. I expected an explorationRead MoreElizabeth Proctor Character Analysis1484 Words   |  6 PagesIn a town plagued by judgment and fraud, Elizabeth Proctor is an outlier. With impeccable morals and ethics, Elizabeth Proctor attempts to stay adamant with her traits despite the hysteria that provided a challenge. Throughout the story of â€Å"The Crucible,† Elizabeth proctor is constantly put under severe tests that impact both her character and others that are close to her. Much like many other characters from the story, Elizabeth discovers the faults in herself and how they furthered the hysteriaRead MoreBanned Forever? Elizabeth Proctor1097 Words   |  5 Pagesthe day after Proctor’s death and I just needed to get out of the house and clear my mind. I was unaware that Elizabeth Proctor need ed a bit of fresh air too. We both took the same path down a nice trail of beautiful scenery. I thought to myself, â€Å"What could she possibly be doing at the same place I am?† Sarcastically Elizabeth thought â€Å"Oh boy, just who I wanted to see.† Elizabeth and I soon start walking next to each other. We both are just trying to enjoy a wonderful day in Salem. TheRead MoreThe Role Of Queen Elizabeth I And Queen Elizabeth I1271 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Monarchs Side by Side The British empire has seen a grand total of 66 monarchs, all varying in historical importance. Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Victoria are two great monarchs still remembered today. Both women were influential figures who coined their own eras. Queen Elizabeth I influenced the Golden Age, bringing learned arts and education into popularity. The Victorian era became known as an age of great wealth and expansion for the British Empire which is attributed to Queen Victoria’sRead MoreThe Demon Lover By Elizabeth Bowen1383 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerns, and streams of consciousness. â€Å"The Demon Lover† by Elizabeth Bowen, â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night† by Dylan Thomas and â€Å"The Naming of Cats† by T.S. Eliot all embody these values in some way. The Modernism period gave authors a more open approach to express psychological feelings and also gave the reader the chance to criticize warfare while also being able to praise individual growth.   Ã‚  Ã‚   First, â€Å"The Demon Lover† by Elizabeth Bowen embodies the Modernist values psychology/science and

Disney The World s Largest Media And Stimulation...

The Walt Disney Organization, or Disney, is the world’s largest media and stimulation company with resources including media systems, studio, theme parks and resorts, and merchandise. Disney was established on October 16, 1923 by Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney and was first known as the Disney Siblings Toon Studio. The organization turned into The Walt Disney Company in 1986 when it then ventured into the aforementioned markets. The Walt Disney television and media division include the ABC telecom company, ten communication stations and associated organizations that include ABC Family, Disney Station, Toon Disney, and ESPN. The Walt Disney studio division produces movies through different lines such as Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone, Pixar, Wonder Excitement, and most common lately, Lucasfilms. The Walt Disney Parks and Resorts division includes operations of 14 theme parks, 43 resorts, and four cruise lines (About The Walt Disney, n.d.). Disney is a world-renowned brand. The y have built their brand through popular characters such as Mickey and Minnie Mouse, Donald, Pluto, and Goofy and timeless movies such as Toy Story, Cinderella, and Beauty and the Beast (About The Walt Disney, n.d.). Today, Disney’s greatest advantage for their firm is not just their reputation, but also their size. They have market control in both the amusement parks and media outlets divisions. However, the company can still continue to grow. They can expand by venturing into the European and AsianShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan for Hong Kong Disneyland9113 Words   |  37 PagesChu Hai College of High Education BBA 311 Marketing Management Group Project [pic] [pic] Table of contents 1. Executive Summary 4 2. Company Description 5 3. Strategic Focus and Plan 6 Objective 6 Vision 6 Mission 6 Non financial goal 6 Financial goal 7 Core competency and sustainable competitive advantage 7 4. Situation Analysis 9 Microenvironment 9 ? Competitors 9 ? Customers 10 Read MoreVideo Game Industry Analysis2720 Words   |  11 Pagesthan they did three years ago are spending playing board games 58% watching TV 49% less time: going to the movies 47% watching movies at home 44% Gamers who own dedicated game consoles use them for other entertainment media, in addition to playing games: use their console to watch movies 42% use their console to listen to music 22% use their console to use their console watch TV shows to watch live content 19% 5% of gamers play games with others,Read MoreRetailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction29639 Words   |  119 Pagesto dominate food retailing are not hard to find. The search for convenience in food shopping and consumption, coupled to car ownership, led to the birth of the supermarket. As incomes rose and shoppers sought both convenience and new tastes and stimulation, supermarkets were able to expand the products offered. The invention of the bar code allowed a store to manage thousands of items and their prices and led to just-in-time store replenishment and the ability to carry tens of thousands of individualRead MoreDissertation Proposal on Managing Diversity of Workforce18916 Words   |  76 Pagesdemonstrated in employee retention, recruitment, development, and motivation. The organization that intends to remain competitive in global markets will be required to strive in order to become the ‘employer of choice†™ which may accomplished by the company that gains the great commitment of the employee and through means of increasing ability to attract and retain the best talent. PURPOSE The purpose of this quantitative study is to measure the work values of the Generation X - (1961-1981) and MillenniumRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesBRAND BUILDING BLOCKS Building Strong Brands: Why Is It Hard? It is not easy to build brands in today s environment. The brand builder who attempts to develop a strong brand is like a golfer playing on a course with heavy roughs, deep sand traps, sharp doglegs, and vast water barriers. It is difficult to score well in such conditions. Substantial pressures and barriers, both internal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful toRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSpecialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/KendalvilleRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesachieving desired responses from other parties. Answer: E Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 4) A social definition of marketing says ________. A) effective marketing requires companies to remove intermediaries to achieve a closer connection with direct consumers B) a company should focus exclusively on achieving high production efficiency, low costs, and mass distribution to facilitate the broadest possible access to the companys products C) marketing is the process byRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagespreparing for the Marketing Planning paper in the CIM’s Diploma examinations âž ¡ Marketing practitioners who will benefit from a comprehensive review of current thinking in the field of strategic marketing planning, implementation and control. Richard M S Wilson Colin Gilligan Overview of the book’s structure 1 Introduction Stage One Where are we now? Strategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 4 MarketRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesinteresting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingeniousRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Chili and Kamias as Moquito Repellant free essay sample

In our world, the taste of the chili was not famous to some people because it is spicy, hot, and very less aroma when eaten but because of its taste it is later on found out that chili was a good mosquito killer because of its pesticidal property while kamias was also used as spice but it was discovered that it has properties such as astringent, stomachic, refrigerant and antiscorbutic. Other researchers use kamias as wine but in this research the proponents was to test the properties of kamias fruit with chili as a mosquito killer. This study is done by the researcher to give importance to the chili and kamias fruit. Not just in food, but the researchers wanted to produce a mosquito killer out of them. For all we know that chili has been tested and proven to be the one good ingredient in mosquito killer making and what if it is added by the acidic property of kamias fruit? The researchers wanted to know the effect of the combined property of each fruit. We will write a custom essay sample on Chili and Kamias as Moquito Repellant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Statement of the Problem This study tried to determine the effectiveness of the chili and kamias mixture as a deterrent for insects such as flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches.   The experiment is done by spraying various concentrations of chili and kamias extract on plants and insects to determine the affectivity as well as the toxicity of these mixtures. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions: 1. Does the said mosquito killer (chili and kamias) is less expensive than to all the commercial ones. . Will this mosquito killer (chili and kamias) can disturb the health/kill the person who accidentally took it. Hypothesis 1. This mosquito killer (chili and kamias) is cheaper than the commercial ones because the ingredients/materials to produce this mosquito killer (chili and kamias) is cheap and are copious in hot countries like in the Philippines. 2. The side effects of the mosquito killer (chili and kamias) will only occur if it is accidentally taken by anyone. Significance of the Study The said mosquito killer (chili and kamias) was produced to contend to the commercial ones which were expensive. And help our country to kill mosquitoes for we have many chili and kamias fruits in our country. Scope and Delimitations of the study If this study is already done we can use it anytime and anywhere. The said mosquito killer (chili and kamias) can be used by rich or poor people because it is cheaper than the commercial ones. Not just it is all about the cheapness of the said mosquito killer (chili and kamias) but it is also the effectiveness to our environment. Definition of Terms Antiscorbutic- a remedy for scurvy Poisonous- toxic or venomous; harmful; having the qualities or effects of the poison Chili- A small hot-tasting pod of a variety of capsicum, used chopped (and often dried) in sauces, relishes, and spice powders. Kamias- Is a fruit-bearing tree of the  genus  Averrhoa,  family  Oxalidaceae. It is a close relative of  carambola  tree. Review of Related Literature and Studies: Methodology A. Materials ? kilo of kamias fruit 1 ? kilo of chili mortar and pestle kettle gas stove product container B. Procedure The researchers collected and prepared all the materials needed. The researchers then pounded the kamias and chili separately and gets their extracts. After pounding the kamias and the chili, the researchers boiled the two extracts separately for 5 minutes. Then the researchers mixed them and poured them inside the container.

Multiple Personality Disorder Essays (1520 words) -

Multiple Personality Disorder The most famous dissociative disorder is Multiple Personality Disorder, also known as Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). It is estimated that one in one hundred people may suffer from Multiple Personality Disorder and other Dissociative Disorders. With correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, people have the potential for complete recovery. Multiple Personality Disorder is a condition in which a person has more than one identity, each of which speaks, acts and writes in a very different way. Each personality seems to have its own memories, wishes, and (often conflicting) impulses The symptoms of an individual with Multiple Personality Disorder are 1.) lack of appropriate emotional response 2.) memory loss, lost time, not knowing what they have said or done 3.) feeling dream like 5.) experiencing dissociation which might include dizziness, headaches, numbness in body, spontaneous trance states 6.) not remembering childhood or major life events 7.) recurrent depression 8.) anxiety, panic, and phobias 9.) self destructive thoughts and behavior 10.) substance abuse 11.) eating disorders 12.) sexual dysfunction, including addictions and avoidance 13.) flashbacks, intrusive thoughts and images of trauma 14.) low self esteem, and feeling damaged and/or worthless 15.) shame 16.) somatic pain syndromes 17.) sleep disturbances: nightmares, insomnia, and sleepwalking and 18.) alternative states of consciousness or personalities. Many people displaying MPD have experienced events they would like to forget or avoid. The causation of Multiple Personality Disorder is when an individual has suffered severe, horrific, traumatic, unavoidable, persistent physical or sexual abuse in childhood. Also many people displaying MPD appeared to be skilled at self- hypnosis through which their psyche comes forward as a coping mechanism, to protect them from the pain ( they create a self- induced hypnotic like trance) which allows the individual to escape psychologically. Most people suffering from Multiple Personality Disorder found that they could escape the trauma of abuse at least temporarily by creating new personalities to deal with the stress. ( Braun, B. (1988). The BASK model of dissociation. DISSOCIATION, 1, 4-23. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. ( 4th ed) The separate personalities known as alters, are usually unknown to the host personality, which operates the body most of the time. Alters can take many forms, but few types are common. Some typical manifestations include a depressed or hurt child, an internal caretaker, a strong angry protector, and an envious protector who is angry with the host. Although these represent the most common alter personality types, the reported list of variations is fairly long and includes perpetrator alters, avenger alters, opposite sex alters, different race, and even non- human alters. Most of the writings dealing with DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder reports that individuals with the illness flow in and out of the various personalities as the environment changes, usually unaware of what is taking place. (Putnam, F.W. (1989). Diagnosis and treatment of multiple personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press. There are many theories which attempt to explain DID, but the central component in all of them appears to be that the disorder occurs as a protective reaction to severe childhood trauma. Essentially, the self appears to dissociate, or split into separate and distinct personalities in an effort to repress the pain and terror of some tramatic event. The trauma is often sexual in nature. There is one such theory that implies that the blocked pain, terror, and awareness create compartments in the mind, which hold the unprocessed feelings. When these compartments leak says the theory, the person has flashbacks, panic attacks, and nightmares. Individuals stricken with DID may experience the onslaught of the disturbance suddenly or gradually, and the symptoms may become worse over a long period of time. Recent studies indicate that the age of onset is nearly always childhood, and that it is much more common among women then men; as much as three to nine times more. Those who warn that DID/MPD is alarmingly common mental illness and cite numerous studies and a long list of statistics in support of its legitimacy. For example: in a 1990 study which appeared in The Journal of Occupational Therapy, J.F. Higdon stated, The past two decades have seen a marked increase in the diagnosing of this disorder, and we are seeing a significant increase in the number of cases. Another study, conducted by B.G. Braun in the American Psychiatric Press and The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, revealed an increased complexity of the cases. With a patient population of over 1,000 under examination, the study reported 95% - 98% of the patients had suffered a history of child abuse. Another

Content Delivery Network (CDN) Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essays

Content Delivery Network (CDN) Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essays Content Delivery Network (CDN) Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Content Delivery Network (CDN) Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Content Delivery Network (CDN) Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Content delivery network includes network of distributed servers that provides web pages and web content to users based on their geographic locations. The content delivery network provides speedy delivery of websites which bear high traffic. At its core, the content delivery network performs two crucial functions. First, CDN caches the content at the edge of the network in order to reduce the traffic traversing the network. Second, provides multiprotocol and multiservice streaming capabilities thereby allowing operator to adapt content from any IP device close to user consuming it. In general, typical functionality of CDN includes request redirection and content delivery services, content outsourcing and distribution services, content negotiation service and management service.Visit Complete Report Here: marketresearchreports.biz/analysis-details/content-delivery-netw ork-cdn-global-scenario-trends-industry-analysis-size-share-and-forecast-2011-2018 The two major things that have marked the evolution of internet are mobile technology and social media. For example, since its inception in 2004, Facebook today contain much more than 1,000 million subscribers. With very low investment, any business can reach large market irrespective of its location. According to Internet World Statics, the number of internet users for June 2012 were estimated to be 0.24 billion. Additionally, growing IP video traffic is expected to boost the CDN market. Today, video consumption over mobile devices and internet is growing at unparalleled rate. As network operators become aware of advantages of CDN, numerous cable operators and telcos in Europe and North America have launched CDN initiatives. Additionally, as network operators increasingly partner with content owners in order to deliver high quality contents and services, the CDN market is

Free sample - Ethical Standards. translation missing

Ethical Standards. Ethical StandardsMoral and ethical aspects of human life are very important for the personal development and statement. These life values determine attitude towards people, God and family. They are not regulated by law or other governmental documents, and there is no determined punishment for their violation, but still breaking ethical rules means breaking own personality and acting against oneself. 1. Ethical standard in majority of cases is taken from the parents’ family, social life, religion and historical period. Also, some people think that social groups, mentality and corporate culture, make impact on ethical standards formation. In other words, it is possible to consider the social environment as a major factor, which influences the ethical and moral standards of the personality. 2. According to the respondents’ point of view, those standards of personal ethics, which were grounded by parents in the childhood, are completely impossible to change because personality makes all important life decisions and actions, according to these standards. In some cases, it is possible to make some impact for the personal ethics while changing environment and religious- person would have to adapt to the new life conditions and to the people, surrounding him or her with their life principles. 3. In most cases ethical standards consider God as the main judge of all our actions. The God is also represented for many people as the personal example on how people should live and act. Family values are the core principle of ethics and people think that it is impossible to be fair with him/herself without being fair in own family. Parents, kids and beloved are the sense of life. Belief in afterlife time – one more important issue in following all ethical norms and standards. Respondents consider the afterlife time as the remuneration for the fair and faithful life, for acting, according to the ethical norms. References: Auditing Practices Board (2010) Ethical Standards. [Online] (Updated 17 July 2010) World Health Organisation (2010) Ethical standards and procedures for research with human beings

Research proposal (English by Arabic Foreign Language learners) Essay

Research proposal (English by Arabic Foreign Language learners) - Essay Example The subsequent data will be computed for average mean, percentile, ranking and weighted mean. Most people say Arabic compliments are not mere accolades, but, they are relative to the cultural principles inculcated among the people similar to other cultures, which are words of gratitude for any virtuous deed. Conventionally, compliments have become a common part of human verbal communication in the various societies of people in the Universe. Nearly all investigatory studies about human languages where compliments fit in are limited to grassroots viewpoints on how they gained the skills of verbal communication. This was supposed by Larisa and Furuoka in 2007 when they mentioned authors of similar studies like Truitt in 1995, Park in 1995, Kuntz in 1999, Kunt in 1997, Peacock in 1998, Sakui & Gaies in 1999, Kimura et al in 2001, Siebert in 2003 and Bernat in 2006. Apparently, this may carry a lighter weight when used as a proof for the value of languages. This is because authenticities are often based on recorded truth and not on mere viewpoints. This study was concerned mainly with making compliments successful in English by Arabic Foreign Language learners, to avoid circumstances of misunderstanding by the native English speakers or misund

Critiquing evidence based practice research Article

Critiquing evidence based practice research - Article Example The research seeks to identify the accuracy of different BP measurement devices in hospitalised patients suffering from heart rhythm disorder. The problem of accuracy in the results from different measurement methods lacks significance since in general nursing practice; BP measurement is performed using the automated non-invasive devices for hospitalised patients. The manual non-invasive devices are commonly utilised in outpatient sections of the hospitals. While the quantitative approach of research remains appropriate for this kind of research, a better analysis would have been making comparison between different automated BP measurement devices. This would be significant to the nursing profession as these are the devices utilised in all hospitals in acquiring the blood pressure of hospitalised patients(Pickering et al. 2005). The utilisation of automated devices within the hospital environment has been preferred because of patient comfort. Discomforts might cause patient movements , which result in blood pressure alteration.The research question has been stated explicitly within the context of the research. Explanations offered for development of the research questions and subsequent research variable identified within the research have also been clearly stated. The materials utilised in reviewing the existing condition have significant relevance to the study, and clearly identify the problem as defined by the researchers. The available information regarding the problem being researched justifies the need to undertake further research on the identified problem. This would provide increased understanding of the factors contributing to occurrence of the problem stated. The conceptual framework and rationale behind the study have been appropriately identified within the research the identification of the variables and research problem has been based primarily on the utilised academic sources of reference for the research. Methods The study was undertaken in a co mmunity hospital with the approval of the hospital’s investigational review board. The approval granted by this board signifies accreditation of the study, and subsequent satisfaction of the requirements stipulated by the institution in undertaking professional studies. Despite the approval from the investigational board, the patients’ rights might have been violated as they were not informed of any research being undertaken. The information provided to the researchers was provided in agreement with the institution and lacked approval or acceptance from the patients. The privacy agreement by the hospital not to divulge patients’ information became breached by providing details of patients’ conditions, which the researchers utilised in making their sample selection. The study was not subjected to external reviewing except by the hospital board. While the study takes actions to prevent patient risk, it presents no

Human Growth and Development Essay Example for Free

Human Growth and Development Essay Four phases of development Early Childhood Early childhood describes the years from ages two to six. During early childhood, the body no longer grows at the rapid pace that it did during the first two years of life. On average children add two to three inches in height and about 5 pounds in weight each year (Berk, 2006). The weight increase is due mainly to increases in the size of the skeleton and muscular systems as well as some body organs. Consequently, posture and balance changes that support gains in motor coordination. Cognitive development – Children begin to make gains in tasks that depend on the frontal cortex and language skills and motor coordination increase at an astonishing rate. Children begin to gain the ability to control impulses. During the early school –age period, children are constructing a broad overview of how their interpersonal world is structured and where they fit in. They are devising a scheme for self in society. Because children’s life experiences are limited and they are still highly impressionable, the nature of this initial worldview as likely to be very compelling, permeating their outlook in the years ahead. Handedness The period of middle and late childhood involves slow consistent growth. This is a period of calm before rapid growth spurt of adolescence. Among the important aspects of body change in this developmental period are those involving the skeletal system the muscular system and motor skills. Motor Development During middle and late childhood, children’s motor development becomes much smoother and more coordinated. Children’s center of gravity begins to shift and they become more steady on their feet making it easier to balance and complete tasks such as throwing, hitting, catching, hopping, and jumping. Gross Motor As children move through the elementary school years they gain greater control over their bodies and can sit still and pay attention for longer periods of time. However, elementary school children become more fatigued from longer periods of sitting than by more physically active skills. Fine Motor Fine motor skills too take a giant leap forward in the preschool years (Berk, 2006). As young children gain control over their hands and fingers they begin to show success in putting puzzles together, building small blocks, cutting and pasting. Middle School Age Physical Development Cognitive Development Emotional Development Social Development Adolescence Physical Development Cognitive Development Emotional Development Social Development Early Adulthood ages 18-40 For most people earl adulthood involves a common set of tasks: leaving home, completing education, beginning full-time work, attaining economic independence, establishing a long-term sexually and emotionally intimate relationship and starting a gamily (Berk, 2006). Emerging adulthood is a new transitional phase of development extending from late teens to mid twenties. During this period most people have left adolescence but are still some distance from taking on adult responsibilities. Rather they explore alternatives more intensely than they did as teenagers prolonging identity development. Physical Development Once body structures reach maximum capacity and efficiency, biological aging or senescence begins genetically influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems that are universal in all members of our specials (Cristofalo et. al, 1999). Many factor contribute to biological aging.

Effects of Influences Essay -- Sociology Risk Factors Protective Facto

Statement of Problem Coming from the inner-city I have been exposed to many risk factors that affect a juvenile's chances of becoming a delinquent or serious and violent offender. Intervention, however, can decrease the chances of a juvenile becoming delinquent. There are various protective factors that can "buffer" the impact of risk factors on a child's life. My mentor was the main source of protection from the risk factors of my childhood. Despite the fact that my family was not the positive influence I needed, I am grateful for my mentor because he really taught me a lot. For children raised in a single parent home, a mentor can do a world of good for both the child and himself. Both benefit from the knowledge each can provide regarding their different social worlds. The introduction to this paper is a story of how I arrived at where I am currently, compared to where I might have been had I never met my Mentor. The story of my father's life without a father, or any other positive influence, is included to explain my father's footsteps. My grandfather died in prison but with great pride about what he had done: breaking the law in order to buy a home for his family. The all too common product of premature unions are children raised in a broken home with one parent. Having two incomes is a lot better than one, if not having the mom at home to raise the children while she is financially supporting the family. Being a single parent is very difficult, with daycare being one of the only options for childcare while working. Some research indicates that daycare causes a child to be more aggressive as compared to children who have both parents while growing up, one being the caretaker and the other the provider. Family is... ...ng to others they often turned to drugs because they looked at it as being what the cool kids are doing. The participation in drug use will lead a person to only make friends with those who do drugs. The interviewees were also around drugs very often since their family members did it as well. When the parents do not look down upon the use of drugs they are only encouraging the use of drugs. Prevention programs should target the parents and family similar to some type of parent management training. This type of training would consist of social and academic skills, conflict resolution and mediation. Programs that consist of more than one predictor are more effective. Community and school-based strategies are also a part of being a protective factor. Crime has still increased between the mid 1990's and now, even though the number of chronic offenders is still unknown.

Patient Screening

1. The mother of a 6-month-old infant calls the office requesting an appointment for her child. She advises that she thinks the child’s head appears swollen and that there are areas that appear to be bulging. What is your response regarding the appointment? Based on the symptoms the mother has given, my diagnosis would be that the child could possibly suffer from the condition hydrocephalus. The symptoms which she described such as, swollen head, and bulging areas of the head share some of the same symptoms as hydrocephalus.Hydrocephalus is also more likely to occur during the infant stage, so the child is also within the likely age rage (6 months). I would advise the mother for prompt assessment (to be seen within 24hrs). In addition, schedule her for the next available appointment in the doctor’s office. 2. The mother of a 3-year-old boy calls to report her child had the onset of vomiting and abdominal pain during the night and is now experiencing blood in his urine. She says she just noticed a swelling on his left side toward his back. She requests and appointment. What is your response regarding the appointment?My diagnosis in this case would be that the child possibly suffers from Wilm’s tumor. The child is displaying symptoms such as mass in kidney region (swollen on the back left side), hematuria (urine in the blood), pain in the abdomen, and vomiting. Wilm’s Tumor occurs in children usually under 5 years of age, and this child is 3 years of age (within likely age range). I would advise the mother for prompt assessment, and schedule the next available doctor’s appointment. 3. The mother of a 15-day-old infant son reports that he started having episodes of vomiting with the emesis â€Å"shooting out of his mouth† after feeding.She also reports the infant appears hungry, continues to feed, and has not gained any weight. How do you respond to this call? After listening to the mother describe her infants symptoms, it is possible that her son suffers from Congenital Pyloric Stenosis. The child has projectile vomiting which means he should be seen promptly. However, other symptoms the child exhibits include staying hungry and not gaining weight. Child is 15 days old and symptoms appear around 2-3 weeks of age. I would advise the mother for prompt assessment, and schedule the next available appointment in the doctor’s office.4. Just as the office is closing for the day, a mother calls about her child who just started experiencing signs and symptoms of respiratory distress including hoarseness; fever; a harsh, high-pitched cough; and a funny, high-pitched sound during inspiration. The physician has already left the office for the day. How do you handle this call? From the symptoms the mother has described about her child it is possible her child could be suffering from croup. Symptoms include hoarseness, high-pitched cough, and fever. I’d advise the mother for immediate evaluation and to take her child to the ER. 5.A mother calls to report that her three children have been complaining of being fatigued, having headaches, and stomach, muscle, and joint pain for the last 2 weeks. She also states there has been a significant change in their behavior. How do you handle this call? My diagnosis in this case would be that her children possibly have tetanus. Her children are displaying signs of irritability and joint stiffness, along with many other symptoms that sound like tetanus. Signs such as, fatigue, head and stomachaches and muscle pain, could be spasms. I would advise mother for immediate evaluation, for the mother to take her children to the ER. Patient Screening 1. The mother of a 6-month-old infant calls the office requesting an appointment for her child. She advises that she thinks the child’s head appears swollen and that there are areas that appear to be bulging. What is your response regarding the appointment?Based on the symptoms the mother has given, my diagnosis would be that the child could possibly suffer from the condition hydrocephalus. The symptoms which she described such as, swollen head, and bulging areas of the head share some of the same symptoms as hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is also more likely to occur during the infant stage, so the child is also within the likely age rage (6 months). I would advise the mother for prompt assessment (to be seen within 24hrs). In addition, schedule her for the next available appointment in the doctor’s office.2. The mother of a 3-year-old boy calls to report her child had the onset of vomiting and abdominal pain during the night and is now experiencing blood in his urine. S he says she just noticed a swelling on his left side toward his back. She requests and appointment. What is your response regarding the appointment? My diagnosis in this case would be that the child possibly suffers from Wilm’s tumor. The child is displaying symptoms such as mass in kidney region (swollen on the back left side), hematuria (urine in the blood), pain in the abdomen, and vomiting. Wilm’s Tumor occurs in children usually under 5 years of age, and this child is 3 years of age (within likely age range). I would advise the mother for prompt assessment, and schedule the next available doctor’s appointment.3. The mother of a 15-day-old infant son reports that he started having episodes of vomiting with the emesis â€Å"shooting out of his mouth† after feeding. She also reports the infant appears hungry, continues to feed, and has not gained any weight. How do you respond to this call?After listening to the mother describe her infants symptoms, it is possible that her son suffers from Congenital Pyloric Stenosis. The child has projectile vomiting which means he should be seen promptly. However, other  symptoms the child exhibits include staying hungry and not gaining weight. Child is 15 days old and symptoms appear around 2-3 weeks of age. I would advise the mother for prompt assessment, and schedule the next available appointment in the doctor’s office.4. Just as the office is closing for the day, a mother calls about her child who just started experiencing signs and symptoms of respiratory distress including hoarseness; fever; a harsh, high-pitched cough; and a funny, high-pitched sound during inspiration. The physician has already left the office for the day. How do you handle this call? From the symptoms the mother has described about her child it is possible her child could be suffering from croup. Symptoms include hoarseness, high-pitched cough, and fever. I’d advise the mother for immediate evaluation a nd to take her child to the ER.5. A mother calls to report that her three children have been complaining of being fatigued, having headaches, and stomach, muscle, and joint pain for the last 2 weeks. She also states there has been a significant change in their behavior. How do you handle this call? My diagnosis in this case would be that her children possibly have tetanus. Her children are displaying signs of irritability and joint stiffness, along with many other symptoms that sound like tetanus. Signs such as, fatigue, head and stomachaches and muscle pain, could be spasms. I would advise mother for immediate evaluation, for the mother to take her children to the ER.

Foreign Direct Investment: Starbucks Case Essay

Requirements:The case should address all the questions provided plus any additional issues the group members feel are pertinent to the case and include a comprehensive update on the company’s situation since the time of the case. The case should be written up and presented in case format: scenario, problem to be solved or decision to be made, alternatives with the pros and cons of each and finally the recommendation with the accompanying rationale. Foreign Direct Investment: Starbucks Case Background General Thirty years ago Starbucks was a single store in Seattle’s Pike Place Market selling premium roasted coffee. Today it is a global roaster and retailer of coffee with over 7,000 stores in U.S. and outside U.S. Starbucks Co. set out on its current course in the 1980s when the company’s director of marketing came back from a trip to Italy enchanted with the Italian coffeehouse experience. Schultz persuaded the company’s owner to experiment with the coffeehouse format-and the Starbucks’ experience was born. The basic strategy was to sell the company’s own premium roasted coffee, along with freshly brewed espresso-style coffee beverages, a variety of pastries, coffee accessories, teas, and other products, in a tastefully designed coffeehouse setting. The company also stressed providing superior customer service. Reasoning that motivated employees provide the best customer service, Starbucks’ executives devoted a lot of attention to employee hiring and training programs and progressive compensation policies that gave even part-time employees stock option grants and medical benefits. The formula met with spectacular success in the United States, where Starbucks went from obscurity to one of the best known brands in the country in a decade. (Hill, 2003) The Company’s objective is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world. Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality  whole bean coffees and sells them along with fresh, rich-brewed, Italian style espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and coffee-related accessories and equipment — primarily through its company-operated retail stores. In addition to sales through our company-operated retail stores, Starbucks sells whole bean coffees through a specialty sales group and supermarkets. Additionally, Starbucks produces and sells bottled Frappuccino ® coffee drink and a line of premium ice creams through its joint venture partnerships and offers a line of innovative premium teas produced by its wholly owned subsidiary, Tazo Tea Company. The Company divides its operation into two segments, United States and International, each of which include Company-operated retail stores and Specialty Operations. 1.Company-operated Retail Stores The Company’s retail goal is to become the leading retailer and brand of coffee in each of its target markets by selling the finest quality coffee and related products and by providing superior customer service, thereby building a high degree of customer loyalty. Starbucks strategy for expanding its retail business is to increase its market share in existing markets primarily by opening additional stores and to open stores in new markets where the opportunity exists to become the leading specialty coffee retailer. All Starbucks stores offer a choice of regular and decaffeinated coffee beverages, a broad selection of Italian-style espresso beverages, cold blended beverages, iced shaken refreshment beverages and a selection of teas and distinctively packaged roasted whole bean coffees. Starbucks stores also offer a selection of fresh pastries and other food items, sodas, juices, coffee-making equipment and accessories, a selection of compact discs, games and seasonal novelty items. Each Starbucks store varies its product mix depending upon the size of the store and its location. Larger stores carry a broad selection of the Company’s whole bean coffees in various sizes and types of packaging, as well as an assortment of coffee and espresso-making equipment and accessories such as coffee grinders, coffeemakers, coffee  filters, storage containers, travel tumblers and mugs. Smaller Starbucks stores and kiosks typically sell a full line of coffee beverages, a limited selection of whole bean coffees and a few accessories such as travel tumblers and logo mugs. Approximately 1,200 stores carry a selection of â€Å"grab and go† sandwiches and salads. During fiscal 2003, the Company’s retail sales mix by product type was comprised of approximately 78% beverages, 12% food items, 5% whole bean coffees and 5% coffee-making equipment and accessories. 2.Specialty Operations Starbucks Specialty Operations strive to develop the Starbucks brand outside the Company-operated retail store environment through a number of channels. Starbucks strategy is to reach customers where they work, travel, shop and dine by establishing relationships with prominent third parties that share the Company’s values and commitment to quality. These relationships take various forms including licensing arrangements, foodservice accounts and other initiatives related to the Company’s core businesses. In certain situations, Starbucks has an equity ownership interest in licensee operations. During fiscal 2003, specialty revenues (which include royalties and fees from licensees as well as product sales derived from Specialty Operations) accounted for approximately 15% of total net revenues. Go International The US coffee-bar market may be reaching saturation. Further, Starbucks’ store base is also maturing, leading to a slowdown in the growth of unit volume and firm profitability. In response, Starbucks has turned its attention to foreign markets for continued growth. Objective Starbucks mission for international development is to be a global company, making a difference in peoples’ lives by leveraging our brand and the coffee experience to foster human connections. The Starbucks Experience is about  passion for a quality product, excellent customer service, and people. The Company’s objective is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world. To achieve this goal, the company plans to continue rapid expansion of its retail operations, to grow its Specialty Operations and to selectively pursue other opportunities to leverage the Starbucks brand through the introduction of new products and the development of new channels of distribution. In doing global business, Starbucks greatly consider local culture as mentioned by Howard Schultz that Starbucks remain highly respectful of the culture and traditions of the countries in which we do business. Starbucks also recognizes that its success is not an entitlement, and Starbucks must continue to earn the trust and respect of customers every day. Entry Mode In 1995, the firm established a subsidiary called Starbucks Coffee International Inc. This group is responsible for all Starbucks business development outside North America, including developing new businesses, financing and planning stores, managing operations and logistics, merchandising, and training and developing Starbucks’ international managers. Starbucks’ first non-North American store was opened in 1996 in Tokyo. Starbucks initially used licensing agreement for its global strategy. Because Starbucks wanted to control business strategy in Japan market, it changed the strategy by establishing joint venture with a local retailer, Sazaby, Inc. Then, Starbucks licensed its business format to the joint venture company. After entering into the Japanese market, Starbucks increased the pace of international expansion significantly. In 1998, Starbucks acquired Seattle Coffee Company in the United Kingdom, a chain with more than 60 retail locations. That same year, it opened stores in Taiwan, Thailand, New Zealand, and Malaysia. In 1999, Starbucks opened in China (Beijing), Kuwait,  South Korea, and Lebanon. In 2000, it entered another seven markets (China – Hong Kong and Shanghai, Dubai, Australia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain). It added three markets in 2001 (Switzerland, Israel, and Austria). In 2002, another nine markets were opened (Oman, Spain, Indonesia, Germany, Southern China – Macau and Shenzhen, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Greece). In Asia, the most common strategy used by Starbucks was under licensing agreement. But due to similar reason such as in Japan, Starbucks converted licensing format to joint venture or wholly owned subsidiaries. Thailand, for example, Starbucks acquired its licensee operator to gain control over the expansion strategy in Thailand. In South Korea, Starbucks chose to use joint venture. However, Starbucks development strategy adapts to different markets addressing local needs and requirements. They currently use three business strategies: Joint ventures Licenses Company-owned operations As of At fiscal year end 2003, the Company had a total of 1,257 licensed retail stores in 28 countries managed by the Company’s international divisions and located as follows: Asia-Pacific (9 countries) 968 Europe/Middle East/Africa (13 countries) 176 Americas (6 countries) 113 Total1.257 Results Starbucks is well on its way to becoming a global brand. According to Business Week The Starbucks name and image connect with millions of consumers around the globe. It was one of the fastest-growing brands in a Business Week survey of the top 100 global brands published August 5 [2002]. But becoming a global company is not without risks. Global expansion poses huge risks for Starbucks. For one thing, it makes less money on each overseas store because most of them are operated with local partners. While that makes it easier to start up on foreign turf, it reduces the company’s share of the profits to only 20% to 50%.† The Company’s financial performance is highly dependent upon the retail operations of the United States operating segment. The Company’s International operating segment (excluding Canada) is not currently profitable, and its international stores and licensees may not be successful in their operations or in achieving expected growth. Some factors critical to the success of the Company’s international stores and licensees are different than those affecting the United States stores and licensees. The economies of a number of the international markets in which Starbucks and its licensees operate have been weak in recent years. Tastes naturally vary by region, and consumers in the new international markets into which Starbucks and its licensees expand may not embrace products and services to the same extent as consumers in the Company’s existing United States markets. Occupancy costs and store operating expenses are sometimes higher internationally than in the United States due to higher rents for prime, inner-city store locations or due to local laws that make it more expensive to retain or terminate employees. The Company’s International operations are also subject to the inherent risks of foreign currency fluctuations and changes in economic, social and political conditions. Because the Company’s International operations are in an early phase of development and have country-specific regulatory requirements, they require a more comprehensive field organization, compared to the United States, to provide resources and respond to the business needs in each region. Though international total net revenues increased by $142.4 million, or 30.9%, to International specialty revenues increased $26.1 million, or 28.1%, to $119.1million in fiscal 2003, excluding Canadian operations, operating losses increased by 11.1% to $18.5 million in fiscal 2003, compared to an operating loss of $16.7 million in fiscal 2002. Recommendations Alternative Starbucks can simply choose licensing for all international expansion. This method will reduce possibility that company absorbs operating loss from business partners. By licensing its format, Starbucks gain license fees and royalty from licensee. Another benefit is that license agreement requires relatively low initial investment for company. This will greatly improve company cash flow. However, behind the some benefits, licensing also has disadvantages. Company can not hope tight control over licensee for business strategy or marketing. For company like Starbucks which has aggressive business passion, license agreement doesn’t provide sufficient freedom to develop potential market. Another reason is that company know-how need to be delivered. Starbucks has competitive advantage in valuable management knowledge related to branding and operations of retail coffee stores. The other reason is that licensing opens possibility for potential foreign company’s competitors to learn about company’s know-how. Recommendations Though Starbucks triumphed in North American, the other international segment hasn’t significantly contributed to Starbucks’ income yet. This was partially contributed by International’s proportionate share of net losses in Starbucks Japan reporting an annual net loss of $3.87 million. Japan market is a good example. With 486 stores, it is easy to find Starbucks  logo in Japan, the site of its biggest expansion outside the US. The issue worrying investors is over saturation. Starbucks are vying for too few customers in Japan where also has so many coffee shops. Starbucks should consider about its strategy for international market. In U.S. and Canada market, the strategy to blanket an area completely, even if the stores cannibalize one another’s business, might be applicable. But for each international market, which has unique regional and community acceptance, the strategy shouldn’t be so aggressive. Furthermore, Starbucks should address local taste in every region. For example, in Asia country such in Japan and China, people have more long experience to drink tea rather than coffee. Therefore, demands on coffee beverages in those regions are different from market in North America. Starbucks should also setup a standardized methodology to select markets for entry or further expansion. In addition, Starbucks should investigate further to identify which investment approach is the best in the intended market because the market environment is changing. A certain investment approach maybe is not suitable for a market anymore. By joint venture as an investment approach, Starbucks has tight control over business strategy in a certain country. In other hand, the consequence of joint venture approach is that Starbucks has to absorb proportionately when the joint venture company suffers loss. Update Starbucks enter France One of the traditional of French cafe life – the small, china cup of strong, black coffee – is under assault from a giant of American cultural globalization. France’s first Starbucks coffeehouse opened on January, 2004, giving Parisians a smoke-free – but generally more expensive (An espresso at a counter of a French cafe typically sets you back $1.25, while a shot of coffee costs $2 at Starbucks and a medium caramel frappuccino, for example, goes for $5.62.). Starbucks offers a new cafà © atmosphere which will sweep  away a centuries-old addiction to espresso coffee and croissants in a noisy cafe spiced with the smoke of Gauloise. In the world’s cafe capital, the Seattle-based chain has much the same feel as anywhere else: there are comfortable sofas, and the soundtrack is jazz music and frappuccinos in the blender. However, with an increasing number of young French people living and traveling abroad, the company hopes its concept of bright, friendly coffee bars will find a warm welcome among those who dislike grumpy barmen and cigarette smoke. Starbucks is confident that a younger generation holds the key to financial success, but the figures show that even they haven’t completely abandoned the idea of corner cafes. Only 15 percent of clients to French coffee bars have their coffee to take away. The rest prefer to take a seat and drink it there. Reference Starbucks website. www.starbucks.com Charles W. L. Hill. International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace – 4th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin, 2003 â€Å"Starbucks Corporation: Competing in a Global Market†. UW Business School. April 7, 2003 Starbucks 10-K Report. SEC Fillings. September 28, 2003. â€Å"Planet Starbucks.† Business Week. September 9, 2002. p.102 â€Å"Trouble brewing for Starbucks in Japan†. Bloomberg. June 11 2003. http://www.theage.com.au Ian Messer.†Japan’s coffee shops spill over†. Bloomberg News. May 21, 2003 Caroline Wyatt. â€Å"Starbucks invades Parisian cafe culture†. January 15, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk.

Memorable Quotes by Steve Biko

Memorable Quotes by Steve Biko Steve Biko was one of South Africas most significant political activists and a leading founder of South Africas  Black Consciousness Movement. Read some of his most powerful and inspiring quotes here. On the Black Experience The blacks are tired of standing at the touchlines to witness a game that they should be playing. They want to do things for themselves and all by themselves. Black Consciousness is an attitude of the mind and a way of life, the most positive call to emanate from the black world for a long time. Its essence is the realisation by the black man of the need to rally together with his brothers around the cause of their oppression- the blackness of their skin- and to operate as a group to rid themselves of the shackles that bind them to perpetual servitude. We do not want to be reminded that it is we, the indigenous people, who are poor and exploited in the land of our birth. These are concepts which the Black Consciousness approach wishes to eradicate from the black mans mind before our society is driven to chaos by irresponsible people from Coca-cola and hamburger cultural backgrounds. Black man, you are on your own. So as a prelude whites must be made to realise that they are only human, not superior. Same with Blacks. They must be made to realise that they are also human, not inferior. The basic tenet of black consciousness is that the black man must reject all value systems that seek to make him a foreigner in the country of his birth and reduce his basic human dignity. On Political Activism You are either alive and proud or you are dead, and when you are dead, you cant care anyway. The most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed. Being black is not a matter of pigmentation- being black is a reflection of a mental attitude. It becomes more necessary to see the truth as it is if you realise that the only vehicle for change are these people who have lost their personality. The first step therefore is to make the black man come to himself; to pump back life into his empty shell; to infuse him with pride and dignity, to remind him of his complicity in the crime of allowing himself to be misused and therefore letting evil reign supreme in the country of his birth. Merely by describing yourself as black you have started on a road towards emancipation, you have committed yourself to fight against all forces that seek to use your blackness as a stamp that marks you out as a subservient being.

Felicia Scott, Carethia Cury, and Fetal Abduction

Felicia Scott, Carethia Cury, and Fetal Abduction Carethia Curry, 17 and pregnant, had no reason to suspect that her new friend, who was also pregnant, had devised a cold-blooded plan to kill her and steal her unborn child from her womb. Felicia Scott and Frederic Polion In 1995, Felicia Scott of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, was 29, the mother of two boys and living with her new boyfriend Frederic Polion. Scott was insecure in the relationship  and convinced that the only way to keep Polion happy was by the two of them having a baby together. In the fall of 1995, she announced to Polion, friends, and family that she was pregnant, but there was a problem that only a few in her family knew about. Scott could not get pregnant because, in 1994, she underwent a hysterectomy. An Instant Bond Around the same time that Scott announced her pregnancy, she befriended 17-year-old Carethia Curry who was also pregnant. A trust grew between the two women who spent a lot of time together shopping in childrens departments in stores, and sharing expectant mother stories as their due dates grew closer. On January 31, 1996, Curry, her mother Carolyn ONeal, and Scott spent the day together. After shopping, Currys  mother returned home and Curry, then nine months pregnant, accepted Scotts invitation to go eat pizza and then visit for a while at Scotts home. The Murder As planned, Scott and Curry went for pizza and then to Scotts apartment, but once inside, instead of enjoying a casual conversation, Scott pulled out a gun and shot her pregnant friend twice in the head. The bullets lodged in Currys head did not kill her instantly, but that did not stop Scott from taking a knife and cutting Curry down the entire length of her torso. Once she was cut open, Scott removed the fetus, then pushed the dying mothers body into a garbage can and taped it shut. Frederic Polion  Lends a Hand When Polion returned to the apartment Scott told him she had just given birth there and had put all the blood-soiled linens in the trash can. She asked him to get rid of it. He claims that he did as asked, going out of his way to a deep ravine right out of town to dispose of it. According to Polion, he never looked or questioned the weight of what was in the garbage can, but merely pushed it into the ravine. In the meantime,  Scott took the infant to a hospital in Birmingham and managed to get papers declaring that she was the mother. The Search for Carethia Carolyn ONeal began to worry when Curry failed to return home. At around 2 a.m. she called Scotts home and Polion answered the phone. She asked him where Curry was and he said that he did not know. At around 5 a.m., Scott called ONeal and told her that she had dropped Curry off at home at around 8:30 p.m, after having pizza. Suspecting that something was amiss, ONeal asked Scott directly, what had she done with her daughter. Scott avoided answering and instead began explaining that she had been in Birmingham having her baby and that she was sent home because she did not have insurance. ONeal did not believe her and she contacted the police to report that her daughter had been kidnapped by Scott and Polion. When ONeal learned that Scott had actually come home with the baby, she called the police and told them that she believed that Scott had her daughters baby. The next day the police questioned Scott about the whereabouts of Curry. Then they questioned her about her infant, and she quickly produced the paperwork that listed her name as the mother. For the time being, Scott was safe. More Lies In early February, Scott went to visit her father and made up another story about how she had ended up with the baby. She said the police had stopped a car that she and a friend were riding in and that she fainted. When she awoke, the friend and police were gone, but next to her on the seat was a baby. Her father did not believe the story and was about to ask her to leave when the police arrived and arrested Scott. Carethia  Curry is Found On March 14, 1996, Currys body was found at the bottom of the ravine. Evidence, including blood in Polions truck, convinced prosecutors that the murder was not something Scott accomplished alone. Scott and Polion were charged with kidnapping and murder. The Trials Polion stood by his original statement that he knew nothing of the murder. He was found guilty of kidnapping and was acquitted on the murder charges and sentenced to 20 years in prison. Scott blamed Polion for the murder, saying she only went along with it because she feared for her own life. She was found guilty of all charges and given a life sentence without the possibility of parole. Autopsy Report It was determined through an autopsy that Carethia  Curry lived approximately 12 hours after being shot, sliced opened, and her baby torn from her body. The Baby Carethias  baby girl miraculously survived the ordeal and was eventually returned to her natural father.

The Pilgrims and Their Life at Plymouth Colony Term Paper

The Pilgrims and Their Life at Plymouth Colony - Term Paper Example Economic and social life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..5 3. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..5 4. References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Introduction Pilgrims are people who go on a journey regularly with oral or religious goal to a certain alien land. English Puritan Separatists created Plymouth colony, which is the original settlement of Puritan, in 1620. The Pilgrims moved from England in search for religious liberty or better livelihood. According to legends, the pilgrim arrived at Plymouth Rock, but their history does not indicate this landmark. Discussion Inhabitants started erecting structures and rough buildings for the winter season. The initial years at Plymouth colony were not easy for the pilgrims. Poverty, insufficient food, strenuous job and unpredictable weather conditions made pilgrims prone to diseases. Therefore, harsh climatic conditions and illness became a challenge to them. Towards the termination of the colder season, about half of the pilgrims were no more. Life with Indian settlers Similarly, the colonists met Samoset, an Indian who amazed them with his English, learned from the Maine coast traders. Samoset presented Massasoit to colony inhabitants, Wampanoag an Indian leader, who entered into a peace agreement with the pilgrims. Similarly, Squanto played and guidance and interpretation roles, and through his assistance, the colonists acquired corn planting, fishing and fruit gathering skills. The pilgrims welcomed the people from India to commemor ate their initial field production, presently marked as day of giving thanks. When Massasoit died, the Wampanoag joined an ethnic coalition to eliminate English settlers, but the prevailing war of King Phillip nearly eliminated the Wampanoag, (Deetz & Deetz, 2000). The colony slowly expanded, and the former Plymouth plantation Settlement extended because settlers constructed houses in the location. Plymouth colony maintained its sovereignty for more than seventy years, and in 1962, its population increased to more than seven thousand people. It was incorporated with the Organization Bay of Massachusetts to create the regal colony. Politics and government The Pilgrims obtained the lawful authority to live at the colony guided by the modern England Council in 1622. Bradford obtained the Warwick right of 1930s; the patent gave him the southern territory in Cohasset and Bay of Narragansett. Based on the patent, he could control of the whole colony, but collaborated with other settler to manage the land. After some time, surveyors established boundaries in the area joining the modern Bristol Plymouth colony and Barnstable colony as the Plymouth colony. The colony’s freemen entered into the Compact mayflower; where they together with other newly selected freemen, met at some time to discuss the colony challenges. The General Court body appointed the governor and his subordinate, made laws and imposed taxes. The leaders of pilgrims were not sure of their legal status since they inhabited the location illegally. They additionally realized they would require some disciples. Therefore, to settle the challenge, forty-one leaders met, formed and signed the mayflower Compact, the initial contract for American internal government, (Harness, 2006). The

L-6 vertebrae Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

L-6 vertebrae - Case Study Example This paper discusses the problems caused by L-6 vertebrae and their solutions. Six lumbar vertebras can occur at any age on anybody. It has no known cure because doctors have not gotten its causative diseases. This means that this abnormality has different effects on people depending on a number of factors. Some of the factors are; age, physical activity that an individual engages in, historical body health among others. Many doctors have suggested that most of the back pains on people with L-6 lumbar vertebra as appearing because of this abnormality. Some of the spinal diseases have been associated with this disorder among the victims (Sellone & Long, 2007). People with complex physical exercise have trouble when they turn to the sides. They may also develop tumors that reduce their efficiency in physical exercise. Old people with this L-6 lumbar vertebra have problems that are more serious because of their inflexible bodies. It is a healthy practice for any human being to have physical exercise to remain fit. However, for old people it is hard for them to re main fit due to lack of exercise or very small exercise if any. Parts of the vertebral column where the L6 lumbar vertebra meets the L5 vertebra also has been reported to develop some diseases due to the friction that may occur sometimes as a result of inadequate cerebrospinal fluid (Weaver & Poloso, 2005). This phenomenon is often seen when the L6 lumbar develops at older ages of life. The logic underlying this phenomenon is that, normal body metabolism enables it to produce just enough cerebrospinal fluid for its normal functioning. Additional joint between L6-L5 lumbar vertebrae calls for extra cerebrospinal fluid. It takes time for the body to adjust to new metabolism. Sometimes it may not adjust at all, imposing serious health problems to the victim (Sellone & Long, 2007). Nevertheless, to some people, this abnormality has no demerits at all;

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 34

None - Essay Example Philosophical works in the form of poetry written by Hesiod as early as eighth century BC indicated the presence of scarcity among human beings. Hesiod refers to competition as a real conflict amongst business. He ascertains the impact of entrepreneurial force in the creation of scarcity of resources in the community. As scarcity develops, human beings tend to scramble for the available resources. The philosopher further agrees to the fact that competition amongst business and the nature of scarcity of resources needs governorship by justice and the law. Philosophical theories frequently highlight the relevance of scarcity of resource and competition in the society. Their arguments remain ideal reflections of the occurrence in the business world (Spiegel 1). In modern business, healthy competition acts as a booster in the development of the society. Businesses compete for market share that leads to improvisation of marketing strategies that aims at increasing customer relations. Such improvement in customer preference to individual companies correlates to increased quality of service provision and hence productivity of the economy. Modern economic theories on competition as aforementioned agree Hesiod philosophies on existence of competition. Hesiod supported the existence of competition in the society and its relation to the measure of productivity. He affirms the relationship between competition and productivity through his literary works on Homeric poetry written between 830-750 BC. Hesiod describes competition as either destructive or productive of which the later forms part of contemporary economic productivity (Jr and HÃ ©bert). Productivity of the economy in a modern setting relates to hard work and determination. Such economic theory is in agreement with Hesiod philosophies. Hesiod believed that idleness and productivity could not rhyme. He criticized the former

Acoustic Cryptanalysis of RSA and Its Counter Measure

Acoustic Cryptanalysis of RSA and Its Counter Measure Prof. J P Agrawal Saurabh Sharma Siddharth Gupta ABSTRACT Acoustics has come up as a new vulnerability in the field of information security. The RSA encryption algorithm, although h very hard to break mathematically, has been broken recently by using acoustics and power analysis of emanations. Acoustic Cryptanalysis is the side-channel attack which targets implementations of cryptographic algorithms. The cryptographic algorithms are quite secure at the mathematical level, but inadvertently leak secret information through signatures in power consumption, electromagnetic emanations, timing variations, and acoustical emanations. This paper presents a software based countermeasure which is based on application of specific mitigation techniques to ensure that even if there is leakage of information it would bear minimal useful information. INTRODUCTION Acoustic cryptanalysis is a form of side channel attack that aims at deriving the private key in a public key cryptography system using acoustical vibrations of a laptop. A side channel attack is basically an attack that gives attacker an additional channel of information about the system, the noise generated by computers is one such potential channel other channels include keystroke acoustic emanations, acoustic emanations from printers, power analysis via the USB port and timing attacks. Side channel attacks can only be performed on public key cryptography system because the encrypted text i.e. ciphers text depends upon the text that is encrypted. So while decryption the cipher text produces a unique acoustic spectrum which helps the attacker to extract the key. In this case we put our emphasis on a different source of computer noise i.e. vibration of electronic components like capacitors and transistors in the circuit of the CPU. These acoustic vibrations are related to the system activity since the amount of power drawn from the CPU depends upon the operation which is performed. As a study case, we will focus on the GnuPG (GNU Privacy Guard), a cross-platform, open-source implementation of the OpenPGP Standard. We will demonstrate a key extraction attack that can extract 4096-bit RSA secret keys when used by GnuPG running on a laptop computer by analyzing the vibrations generated by the computer during decryption of chosen cipher texts. RELATED WORK Analysis of acoustical vibrations is relatively a newer practice commonly used in military context such as identification of vehicles through the sound signature of their engine. Similarly computer programmers monitor the functioning of their systems by listening to sound generated by mechanical components. Some of the successfully implemented experiments involving side channel attacks include : à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Electromechanical ciphers. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Keyboard acoustic emanations. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Acoustic emanations from printers. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Power analysis. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Power analysis via the USB port. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Timing attacks. THE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP (A) laptop on which the decryption is being performed (B) Brà ¼elKjà ¦r 4190 microphone capsule mounted on a Brà ¼elKjà ¦r 2669 preamplifier held by a flexible arm. (C) Brà ¼elKjà ¦r 5935 microphone power supply and amplifier, (D) National Instruments MyDAQ device with a 10 kHz RC low-pass filter cascaded with a 150 kHz RC high-pass filter on its A2D input (E) laptop computer performing the attack. Here, the microphone power, amplification and some filtering are done by an integrated, battery operated Brà ¼elKjà ¦r 5935 microphone power supply. After a self-built 10 kHz RC low-pass filter cascaded with a 150 kHz RC high-pass using capacitors and resistors, A2D conversion is done by the compact, USB-operated National Instruments MyDAQ device. The MyDAQ device captures at 200 K sample/sec. The Brà ¼elKjà ¦r 5935 amplifier is limited to a frequency of 100 kHz. OBSERVING THE ACOUSTIC LEAKAGE 1. Distinguishing various CPU operations We can distinguish between various operations performed by CPU by analyzing the low bandwidth leakage of acoustical emanations. Our analysis begins by taking into account simple operations like: HLT (CPU sleep), MUL (integer multiplication), FMUL (floating-point multiplication), main memory access (forcing L1 and L2 cache misses), and REP NOP (short-term idle). We concluded that these operations exhibit a unique frequency spectrum on execution. 2. Distinguishing various code lengths These acoustical emanations can also determine the length of loop being executed. For example the leakage produced by a code executing 10000 ADD instructions in an infinite loop will have a different acoustic spectrum than a program executing 20000 ADD instructions in an infinite loop. 3. Leakage source The observed acoustical emanations are not caused by the rotation of the fan, hard seeks or audio speakers as it is verified by disabling these components. Rather it is caused by the capacitors and resistors in the power regulation circuit of the CPU. The precise source of the emanations is difficult to characterize, since it is different in every machine and it is typically located in hard to reach places. Acoustic localization is also difficult due to mechanical coupling of capacitors and resistors and because of acoustic reflections due to other components. PERFORMING THE ATTACK The attacker sends an encrypted email to the target machine. This email when received by the target machine undergoes the process of decryption so as to extract the data that has been sent. The email which is sent involves sending a chosen ciphertext, it cannot have any random data in it. The data which is sent via the email has to be a specially crafted ciphertext. Through this attack we try to get the ‘q’ i.e. one of the prime factor of the key ‘n’. Enigmail provides an integrated graphical user interface and handles e-mail encoding and user interaction; the actual cryptography is done by an external GnuPG executable. Received e-mail messages are decrypted upon the user’s request. In addition and by default, Enigmail automatically decrypts incoming e-mail messages. Thus, an attacker can send a suitably-crafted e-mail message to the victim, containing a chosen ciphertext. When this e-mail message is fetched by the target computer, the attacker observes the acoustic emanations during decryption, and obtains a bit of the secret key. The attacker then sends additional e-mail messages, until all key bits are recovered. If the messages are backdated or made to look like spam messages, they may even go unnoticed. But this doesn’t affects our attack as it will still be decrypted by the email client. Choosing the ciphertext q is a 2048 bit number q2048 q2047 q2046 q2045†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ q2 q1 GnuPG always generates RSA keys in which the most significant bit of q is set, i.e., q2048 = 1. Considering we know the first i-1 bits of q e.g. i=4 , we know q2048 q2047 q2046 =110 Now we need to find the next bit of q , which can be 0 or 1 So , we create a ciphertext with first i-1 bits equal to that of first i-1 bits of q, the next bit 0 and the remaining bits to be 1 q2048 q2047 q2046 0 111111†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11111 Recording the emmisions We use our experimental setup to record the acoustic emissions that are created during the decryption. Placing the microphone with respect to the laptop body has a large influence on the obtained signal. Laptops have cooling system for heat dissipation. It has a fan that requires large intake of air and some exhaust holes. Also, there are other holes and gaps for ports such as USB, Express Card slot, SD card reader, and Ethernet port. Any of these ports can be used as a position for the microphone. Typically, the best microphone placement is near the Ethernet port or the fan exhaust vent. We record the sound using the LABVIEW software. We compute the sliding-window Fourier transform of the trace, yielding a sequence of spectra, and then aggregate these spectra by taking the median value of each bin. (The use of median effectively rejects temporally-local outliers, such as transient spikes.) The spectrum is truncate to the frequency range of interest (determined manually). Extracting the key The most significant bit of a prime number is always 1. Using this fact we create a desired ciphertext and obtain the power frequency templates for 0 and 1. Thus, if the attacker were to have two spectrum templates describing the leakage of zero and one bits, he could classify an unknown signal by checking the similarity between it and the templates he has. Concretely, in our case a template is a vector of real numbers describing the signal power at each frequency bin. The classification is based on computing the correlation of the Fourier spectrum of the leakage with the two templates. Recall that q is chosen to be a prime such that its most significant bit is always set to one. Moreover, this information is known to an attacker. Thus, obtaining an example of a leakage of a one bit can be done by measuring the leakage resulting from the decryption of g2048;1. Obtaining an example of a leakage of a zero bit is more tricky. This is because the attacker does not know in advance the location of the first zero bit in q. However, this problem can be easily avoided. Consider any number l such that q 2048 1). Notice that the reduction of l modulo q is equivalent to computing l q and will cause the bits of the result to be random thus achieving a similar spectrum as the sound of zero bits of q at the beginning of the attack. After this we compare the data acquired with the templates of 0 and 1 and the output of the comparison gives one bit of the q. Then this attack has to repeated 2048 times to get all the bits of q. These templates are updated dynamically in the matter of 20 bits. After receiving the acoustic spectrum of every attack bit we try to match the frequencies with the ones in the predefined templates. Whenever we get a matching frequency we check it’s corresponding value for power if this value is in range according the given threshold of the template we classify the bit as 0 or 1. By repeating this same procedure to attack every bit we obtain all the 2048 bits of prime q and in turn find the key. COUNTER MEASURE Cipher text randomization : One countermeasure that is effective in stopping our attack ciphertext randomization. If we have a cipher text c, instead of decrypting c immediately what we can generate a 4096 bit random value r, compute re and then decrypt re* c and multiply the result by r^-1. Since ed = 1 mod (n) It does not stop the attacker from extracting the key but it masks the original key so that even if the attacker is able to extract the key he doesn’t has the correct key. In implementation we have used the random library of python. Using this library random.randint(range) generates a random integer which can be multiplied to the value of cipher text and it changes the acoustic spectrum of the ciphertext which masquerades the original key. Why software based countermeasures are better than hardware based countermeasures? Enforce a proper layering can seem to be an effective countermeasure. Unfortunately, such low-level physical leakage prevention, is most of the times, impractical due to the significantly bad cost vs. security tradeoff because of the following reasons : (1) Suitable manipulation at the higher levels can amplify any leakage remnants, similar to what we do in our chosen-ciphertext attack (2) Low-level mechanisms try to protect all computation, even though most of it is insensitive or does not induce easily-exploitable leakage (3) Essential performance-enhancing mechanisms produce leakage as an inevitable side effect. REFRENCES [1] M. Hanspach and J. Keller, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢In guards we trust: Security and privacy in operating systems revisited,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- in Proc. 5th ASE/IEEE International Conference on Information Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust, Washington D.C., USA: IEEE, Sept 2013. [2] M. Hanspach and M.Goetz, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢On Covert acoustical mesh network in air, revisited,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- in Journal of Communications Vol. 8, No. 11, November 2013. [3] R. Otnes, A. Asterjadhi, P. Casari, M. Goetz, T. Husà ¸y, I. Nissen, et al., Underwater Acoustic Networking Techniques, ser. Springer Briefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Springer, 2012. [4] R. Frankland, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Side channels, compromising emanations and surveillance: Current and future technologies,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- Department of Mathematics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, England, Tech. Rep., Mar. 2011. [5] Daniel Genkin, Adi Shamir, Eran Tromer, RSA Key Extraction via Low-Bandwidth Acoustic Cryptanalysis December 18, 2013. [6]Nikita Borisov, Ian Goldberg, and David Wagner. Intercepting mobile communications: the insecurity of 802.11 [7] H. E. Bass and Roy G. Keeton. Ultrasonic absorption in air at elevated temperatures. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. [8]Taher ElGamal. A public key cryptosystem and a signature scheme based on discrete logarithms.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 31(4):469–472, 1985. 1

Brave New World and Farhenheit 451 :: essays research papers

Imagine a world where free will is obsolete. Nobody has any freedom; most people do not even have a yearning for autonomy. The direction the world is heading right now could possibly produce such a world. Both Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, and Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, envision this world which lacks liberty. These books, both of which are supposed to be set in the future, have numerous theme similarities throughout them. Of all their common factors, the ones that stand out most would have to be the outlawed reading of books and the theme of the protagonist being a loner or an outcast from society because of his differences in beliefs as opposed to the norm. In the societies of both of these books outlawed reading is a common and almost completely unquestioned law. In Brave New World reading is something that all classes are conditioned against from birth. In the beginning of the novel there is a group of infants who are given bright, attractive books but are exposed to an explosion and a shrieking siren when they reach out for them. This thus prevents them from wanting the books and causes them to scream and shrink away in horror at the mere sight of the books. In reference to the accomplishment of this conditioning, the director said, "Books and loud noises...already in the infant mind these couples are compromisingly linked; and after two hundred repetitions of the same or a similar lesson would be wedded indissolubly. What man has jointed, nature is powerless to put asunder," (Huxley 21-22). We come to learn that the basic reasoning behind this conditioning against reading in Brave New World was because "you couldn't h ave lower-caste people wasting the Community's time over books, and there was always the risk of their reading something which might undesirably decondition one of their reflexes" (Huxley 22). In Fahrenheit 451 the outlawing of book reading is taken to an even greater extent. In this novel the whole purpose of a firefighter isn't to put out fires, rather it is to start fires. The reading of books in their society is completely forbidden and if someone is suspected of even owning a book, the firefighters are dispatched to go to that person's residence and start a fire. They start fires for the sole purpose of destroying books, as illustrated here, "They pumped the cold fluid from the numeraled 451 tanks strapped to their shoulders.

Gardening to Reduce Stress

Stress can really weigh down on our life and limit our activeness. There are many ways that one can use to manage the high level of stress. One of the most effective ways is to burn up that stress. One will do something, whether conscious of it or not as a way of draining the tension in every day life. These activities may involve physical and mental exertion or engaging in a pleasurable activity.However it should be noted that the activity that one use to burn away tension are usually unique and very idiosyncratic to an individual person. It is therefore important for every one to try and find out which activity can be considered as a stress releaser. In this paper we are going to illustrate gardening as one of those activities which can be successfully used to manage stress.GardeningIn our daily life, many of us garden because we have to grow and produce our own fruits, vegetables, and other types of foods.   Other will do so for economic activities. In our home compound, we may do gardening to create an attractive landscape where we can sit with our friends and relax.However gardening, regardless of the purpose with which it is done can be therapeutic. It is used as a way of fighting and relieving tension in our life. For some of use grading can relax our mind, body, and spirit. However we should understand that it is not gardening that is relaxing our mind, but it is the way we approach it. Once gardening is taken as a chore, it cannot effectively relax our bodies and mind but it turns out to be stressing. To relieve stress with gardening, it should be viewed as an enjoyable activity.While gardening, focusing on the main activity that one is undertaking or the activity at hand is the key to relieve stress and relax the body.  Ã‚   The continuous gardening activities like digging, chopping, and to an extent hitting motions are also key to relieve stress and tension in life.There are also strenuous activities in gardening which act as an outlet for aggres sion and consequently wades of the aggression burning in our body which can be a cause of stress and anxiety.However it is not only strenuous activities which can relieve stress in gardening. Just taking a simple walk around the garden can be sufficient for others to take away their stress.When you take a walk around the garden, ensure that you take in all the available colors, textures, and fragrances available. This will give you a different experience from that of your house or your usual workplace. By the time you complete your walk around the garden you should be feeling better.If you want to relieve stress through gardening, take into consideration the following points:Make a â€Å"to do† list which should be short so that you can stick to every activity planned for. It is advisable that not to put all activities in on list or try to do everything in one afternoon, evening or a weekend.Since you are doing gardening for the purpose of relaxing, it is advisable to follow the normal exercise cycle or pattern of stretching, warm up, control, and others.Ensure that you apply the same vigor to garden activities like digging beds, turning composite, or cultivating as in other exercising activities like weight lifting, playing football, running or swimming.After a hard work in the garden, stop and take a rest. Be conscious and try to control your breathing.   Take a deep breathe, stretch your body and relax during the resting period.While resting, stop and take a moment to observe what is around, hear, smell, touch and taste all what is around you. To add variety, you can listen to music while gardening.You can also use markers in your garden, and every time you see such a marker, stop, relax and take a deep breatheIn our society, stress is weighing down the life of many people. It is better to allow the natural rhythms of gardening in order to slow you down and calm you. When you pay attention to gardening you will get more involved and fulfilled. It i s also important to remember that how you garden is more important than just gardening.  When you find time, you can volunteer. There are many areas in gardening where you can volunteer including horticultural therapy programs. If you cannot find gardening more fulfilling in your home, you can volunteer in nursing homes, day care center facilities or in hospitals and engage in gardening.ConclusionStress affects the life of many people. However many people suffer in silence without knowing how to cope with that stress.   It is important to realize that there are many activities in our surrounding that can help us to relive our stress. Gardening is one of the most important activities that can assist you to relieve stress.You should take gardening not only as an economic activity but it can also help you to relax. However your approach to gardening is important to help you relieve stress. Next time you feel stressed, think about gardening. It may help you to relax and reduce you s tress. But remember, the approach is more important than the activity itself